Internet Traps and False Information Essay

Web famous significant with everyone. These days, everyone likewise use web. It associate individuals on the world. Conventional class and web class very diffenrent Internet is the customary framework, it will help our have more information, great data, great news†¦ previously, individuals utilized web is the hunt framework. It have a great deal of beneficial thing in the web. It assist we with having companions , discussion , search all that we need. We can know more information But everything will be have negative and positive. We simply know something worth being thankful for in the web , we don't have to know a great deal of awful thing on the web . Social additionally have two face and web too . It experiences difficulties , traps †¦ we should be thought savvy, we surely know directly from wrong. Hence , we ought to completely misuse the upsides of the web, that preferred position ought not do terrible things or negative. Web consistently contains intriguing things. We b is perhaps the best development of mankind's history. At the point when old doesn't have web, people can be hard to share the important data valuable life, on account of the web, today we know a great deal of things great. We have to know to exploit the web to be helpful, or misuse of valuable things in this life. It will assist you with feeling better love life, all the more fascinating things. In any case, once in a while we exploit it in an awful employment, awful purposes will cause the contrary impact. It makes us unintentionally lead us to wrong way that they need and conflict with positive reasoning. On the off chance that we exploit the awful things on the web, it will lose the beneficial thing is its capital. Since the web once in a while contain bogus data about the issue, negative nature, doesn't work well for the reason. Customary study hall is the class simply come to class and do schoolwork, build and create courses. Customary classes can assist understudies with getting progressively dynamic in this life. Understudies can barely build up the capacities just as their insight. Customary study hall is constrained and prohibitive. It is hard to make a feeling of solace and great condition for understudies to learn. It gives the understudies an inclination incredibly awkward, latent. The school on the web is incredibly useful, it causes us to effectively retain eve rything without dedicated. Study hall based courses offer more concentration than online courses. In a homeroom, understudies are compelled to be tranquil and tune in to the instructor or their friends. They can even change to an alternate tab with their preferred informal organization rather than what they’re expected to realize. the Internetâ classroom is advantageous for educators, as well! They can give us a test with no paper, which can lessen the utilization of trees. Simultaneously, it might be simpler for certain educators to make redresses or remarks on student’s take a shot at the PC. Along these lines, the educators can focus more on instructing. They don’t need to think about students’ conduct like eating, chatting on the phone, or setting off to the latrine. Traditonal class bodes well to go to classes face to face on the off chance that you choose to live in the quarters or are an approaching first year recruits who needs the genuine school understanding. There are surely more chances to join clubs, affiliations, or societies/sororities while taking classes nearby.

Auditory processing in Speech Production

Sound-related preparing in Speech Production The reconciliation of sound-related input from self created discourse sounds into forthcoming engine orders is significant for the solidness and control of discourse creation. For instance, youngsters with significant hearing disability experience more prominent trouble gaining and keeping up discourse than their ordinary hearing companions (Campisi, Low, Papsin, Mount, Harrison, 2006; Kishon-Rabin, Taitelbaum-Swead, Ezrati-Vinacour, Hildesheimer, 2005; Moeller, Hoover, Putman, Arbataitis, Bohnenkamp, Peterson, Lewis et al., 2007; Moeller, Hoover, Putman, Arbataitis, Bohnenkamp, Peterson, Wood et al., 2007). Likewise, grown-ups with procured hearing misfortune show a progressive debasement of their beforehand capable articulatory capacity that is halfway reestablished after cochlear implantation (Kishon-Rabin, Taitelbaum, Tobin, Hildesheimer, 1999). The significance of sound-related criticism for discourse engine control in ordinary speakers has been exhibited by means of irritation contemplates. Different investigations have demonstrated the compensatory sway bothering the volume (Bauer, Mittal, Larson, Hain, 2006), pitch (Burnett, Senner, Larson, 1997), phonetic precision (Houde Jordan, 1998) and timing (Jones Striemer, 2007) of sound-related input has on the kinematic and acoustic results of discourse creation in ordinary speakers. Computational neural system models of discourse creation have likewise been utilized to show the significance of sound-related input for articulatory control (Guenther, Husain, Cohen, Shinn-Cunningham, 1999; Perkell et al., 2000). Irritating the planning of sound-related input in individuals who are familiar is known to actuate an assortment of explanation unsettling influences. In particular, postponed sound-related input changed between 200 ms and 400 ms during perusing so anyone might hear brings about a decreased number of right words, expanded absolute understanding time, monosyllabic sound replacements, oversights, inclusions and increases including reiterations (Fairbanks, 1955; Fairbanks Guttman, 1958; B. S. Lee, 1950; B. S. Lee, 1951; Stuart, Kalinowski, Rastatter, Lynch, 2002; Yates, 1963). On the other hand, postponed sound-related input has been appeared to decidedly impact discourse familiarity with individuals who stammer (Adamczyk, 1959; Kalinowski, Stuart, Sark, Armson, 1996; Ryan Van Kirk, 1974; Soderberg, 1968; Stuart, Kalinowski, Armson, Stenstrom, Jones, 1996; Stuart, Kalinowski, Rastatter, 1997). The level of familiarity improvement fluctuates relying upon various factors (for example post pone length, criticism force), the unique circumstance and the individual (Armson, Kiefte, Mason, DeCroos, 2006; Wingate, 1970). Because of the variable reactions detailed in the writing, the clinical adequacy of changed sound-related input as a treatment instrument stays dubious (Antipova, Purdy, Blakeley, Williams, 2008; Lincoln, Packman, Onslow, 2006; ODonnell, Armson, Kiefte, 2008; Pollard, Ellis, Finan, Ramig, 2009; Stuart, Kalinowski, Rastatter, Saltuklaroglu, Dayalu, 2004; Stuart, Kalinowski, Saltuklaroglu, Guntupalli, 2006; Wingate, 1970). The reason for the variable reaction of grown-ups who stammer to postponed sound-related input isn't known. Different speculations have been advanced to depict how postponed sound-related input incites familiar discourse in certain people who stammer. It has been suggested that postponed sound-related input brings about discourse improvement by constraining the individual who falters to accept another example of discourse development (Goldiamond, 1965). The new example is professed to be built up and kept up through operant learning standards with the deferred sound-related input working as aversive negative support. As called attention to by Wingate (1970), the conceptualization of this procedure is indistinct and fragmented. In any case, there is some proof to help the case that another discourse design is found out (Ryan Van Kirk, 1974). It has likewise been recommended that the postponed sound-related input is restorative in nature subsequently improving familiarity. Nonetheless, the opposite that postponed sound-related input is misshaped criticism is by all accounts self-evident (Wingate, 1970). A few creators have placed that the way to deferred sound-related feedback’s adequacy is the decrease of important input (Wingate, 1970) denying the individual who stammers the capacity to depend on this conceivably wasteful control framework. This declaration is to some degree bolstered by the perception that concealing of sound-related criticism likewise incites familiar discourse in certain people who stammer (Sutton Chase, 1961; Wingate, 1970). In conclusion, it has been recommended that postponed sound-related input is successful in light of the inclination of people to slow their discourse rate, drag out vowel length and increment vocal force and central recurrence (Wingate, 1970). In any case, changes to discourse attributes, for example, a more slow rate can't be the main explanation that deferred sound-related criticism is successful, as it has bee n shown to have comparable familiarity improving impacts even at quick paces of discourse (Kalinowski et al., 1996; Stuart et al., 2002). The impacts of adjusted sound-related input on discourse familiarity with individuals who falter exhibit the significance of sound-related preparing in the turmoil. Propelling our comprehension of the job sound-related handling plays in the discourse creation of individuals who stammer may start to clarify the systems behind familiarity instigating changed sound-related criticism. 1.5.2 Auditory preparing in ordinary and faltered discourse creation: Conduct investigations of sound-related preparing in grown-ups and youngsters who stammer have yielded proof of focal sound-related handling contrasts in these populaces comparative with familiar age-coordinated friends. Rousey, Goetzinger and Dirks (1959) revealed that 20 faltering youngsters appeared beneath ordinary execution on sound limitation. Absence of sound confinement aptitudes might be demonstrative of fleeting projection issue (Jerger, Wekers, Sharbrough, Jerger, 1969). Different examinations have utilized batteries of audiometric tests to behaviourally assess focal sound-related handling in grown-ups kids who stammer. Rousey, Goetzinger and Dirks (1959) detailed that 20 stammering kids appeared underneath ordinary execution on sound confinement. Lobby and Jerger (1978) revealed that grown-ups who falter performed inadequately comparative with familiar grown-ups on a subset of such tests. They reasoned that the outcomes recommended the nearness of an unpretentious focal s ound-related handling shortfall in grown-ups who falter. Anderson, Hood and Sellers (1988) directed a comparative report and found that young people who stammered performed inadequately on only one subtest when contrasted with a gathering old enough coordinated control members. They correspondingly reasoned that if a deficiency exists it is inconspicuous. Proof of an unpretentious focal sound-related preparing deficiency has likewise been shown in kids who falter. For instance, kids who stammer have been found to have higher limits on in reverse concealing errands than kids who don't falter (Howell, Rosen, Hannigan, Rustin, 2000). Howell et al. additionally found a positive relationship between's regressive covering limits and stammering seriousness in youngsters who falter. In a subsequent report Howell and Williams (2004) researched kids who stammer on a battery of audiometric tests including in reverse veiling errands. In light of the profile of execution on the audiometric battery of tests, Howell et al. (2004) arrived at the resolution that youngsters who falter had an alternate formative example of focal sound-related handling capacities comparative with their smoothly age-coordinated friends yet they didn't indicate the idea of that distinction. All the more as of late, focal sound-related working was assessed behaviourally and with electroencephalography in grown-ups who stammer (Hampton Weber-Fox, 2008). Behaviourally, grown-ups who stammer performed less precisely and showed longer response times because of the brief tone in a standard crackpot worldview. In any case, a little subgroup of grown-ups what stutter's identity was seen as driving the outcomes. A similar subgroup of poor performing grown-ups who falter likewise exhibited strange evoked sound-related waveforms. Hampton and Weber-Fox (2008) reasoned that this subgroup showed inadequate non-phonetic sound-related handling. Target tests like AEPs are legitimate and valuable measures to consider sound-related handling in people with stammering as they reflect changes in sound-related framework as boosts is prepared.

January 5 Deadline Reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

January 5 Deadline Reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Cartoon by Doug Savage Just a friendly reminder that the MIA/MPA applications are due today, January 5, 2015  at 11:59 p.m. EST. Please submit your completed application by tonight if you want to be considered for SIPAs merit-based fellowships. (The final application deadlineswithout fellowships considerationis February 5, 2015.) If you have some questions regarding your application, please review last weeks blog post, where our admissions staff answered some of your most urgent questions. Unsure of when the deadline is in your part of the world? This chart may help: New York, New York   January 5, 2015 11:59 PM Los Angeles, California January 5, 2015 8:59 PM Mexico City, Mexico January 5, 2015 10:59 PM Rio de Janeiro, Brazil January 6, 2015 2:59 AM London, England January 6, 2015 4:59 AM Madrid, Spain January 6, 2015 5:59 AM Beijing, China January 6, 2015 12:59 PM Tokyo, Japan January 6, 2015 1:59 PM Good luck everyone!

The Wonders of Owning a Dog - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 311 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction I once had a very negative attitude towards dogs. However, my perspective changed after watching the animal in action. A dog is an animal that desires to spend most of the time with its master irrespective of the geographical location, unlike human friends. They may be messy during their early stages of life, but it only takes them a little training before they can adapt to the ways of men. Afterward, the master becomes the Puppy’s greatest friend not to mention of its full dependence on him for food and shelter. Within the course of this association, the two develop a powerful bond that defines them to be beyond a master and a pet. Concurrently, people begin defying the cultural norms such as instructions by the pet experts against sharing beds with pets. Mutual love develops and soon the two become inseparable to the point of even spending the nights together. The little animal soon begins to ignore everyone else around him and concentrates on the master. It is surprising how the animal fails to eat or drink for days in the absence of its owner. At this point, it dawns on me that it is indeed true that a dog is a man’s best friend. Sometimes, one cannot concentrate on their studies all in the name of getting back home and reconnecting with the pet. Conclusion To sum up, it is an interesting friendship that goes beyond scientific explanation. Besides, it is interesting how quickly the animal adapts to the ways of men within a very short span and makes its way to the heart of the master. A dog is a friend that one can count on no matter the situation. Its love is beyond explanation, and I came to understand that they simply want to please their master and make him feel good and loved. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Wonders of Owning a Dog" essay for you Create order

The Public s Negligence Toward The Rapid Emergence Of...

The public’s negligence toward the rapid emergence of â€Å"Fake News† in the last few years, and society’s increased access to such outlets not only causes a decline in the credibility of beliefs and stances on the most sensitive current event topics, but it also crudely transforms and moulds the critical ideas, views, and workings of Democracy. The United States government, depending on who you may ask, may be referred to as a liberal democracy, a constitutional republic, or a federal republic. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, a republic is â€Å"a political order in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them.† On the other hand, a democracy is a†¦show more content†¦This often leads to script bias when media outlets, in appealing to â€Å"partisan audiences† for sake of business and viewer ratings, focus on a candidate’s positive achievements and contributions to society, rather than their opposing viewpoints to the majority (Andra Brichacek of U of Oregon School of Journalism). Resulting from such practices is a specific part of the population which religiously follows the news, unaware of other stances on the topics they follow, and their prefered candidate’s thoughts and goals on those topics. For example, during the 2016 presidential election, more liberal news outlets set narratives for President Trump, labeling him as racist, bigot, and unqualified for office, while outlets targeting conservative and â€Å"politically reformative† populations who were in favor of â€Å"draining the swamp† painted Hillary Clinton as a defensive, untrustworthy politician with too many secrets to hold in the white house. In response to such polarizing stances, the credible media, however biased, creates paths and openings for the distortion of facts and the manipulation of the public’s views and interpretations of the information they are handed. The fake media that the public is often exposed to reveals itself in satire, propaganda, and often, conspiracy theories. These forms are usually easily accessed through social media, which serves as a filtered means of obtaining information, filtered because its usersShow MoreRelatedMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesAds: Real-Time Marketing on Exchanges continued on back inside cover E -commerce business. technology. society. T e n T H e d i t i o n Kenneth C. Laudon Carol Guercio Traver New York University Azimuth Interactive, Inc. Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sà £o Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor In Chief:Read MoreFinancial Statement Frauds29904 Words   |  120 Pagesfraud in accordance with the reasons we have determined. Key-words: auditors, audit risks, financial statement fraud, internal control, earnings management, revenue recognition. III List of Abbreviations AICPA: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants AR: Audit Risk ASB: Auditing Standards Board BTG: Brussels Translation Group N.V CEO: Chief Executive Officer CFO: Chief Financial Officer COSO: Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission CR: Control Risk CRIME: CooksRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesDESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley SonsRead MoreOperational Risk Management50825 Words   |  204 Pages≈√ F M A G u i d e l i n e s on Operational Risk Management These guidelines were prepared by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in cooperation with the Financial Market Authority Published by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) Praterstraße 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria Produced by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Editor in chief: Gà ¼nther Thonabauer, Communications Division (OeNB) Barbara Nà ¶sslinger

Interpretation Job Free Essays

I deem the Graduate Trainee Program as one of the epitomes of Centrelink’s thrust in showcasing the best and brightest Australia has to offer the international community. Being part of a vibrant, dedicated and diverse group of individuals entrusted to foster understanding and promote the country’s foreign and trade relations is a challenge anyone who believes in Australia should be proud to be a part of. Having read Politics and Government in university and presently doing my post-graduate studies in International Relations give me the fundamental, if not advanced, skills as well as awareness of local and international socio-political and economic realities of today. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpretation Job or any similar topic only for you Order Now Complementary to my academic skills are the English language teaching experiences I have locally and abroad, which contributed immensely to my understanding of different cultures and peoples of varying age group. Being trilingual (English, Korean and street Japanese) gives me the edge to appreciate not only the language of other people but the nuances of what a language conveys, this is a paramount trait in comprehending the distinct language of diplomacy. It has helped me deal with clients in an interpretation job, students in a teaching assignment or local tribes people in medical or mercy missions. One of the jobs I do on the side is translation and interpretation work from Korean to English and vice versa. This type of work deals with Korean trade delegations coming to Australia to deal with Australian business owners. Both Korean and Australian clients require submission of a written project proposal prior to getting the tasking. The proposal calls for demonstrating my competence and advanced level of understanding not only of the Korean and English languages but the cultures as well. In writing the proposal, I set my plan of action and the methodology to be used for the translation and interpretation processes. After the clients read through my proposal, I present it to both parties and convince them of my being the right person to get the job done. During the actual translation/interpretation work, I sometimes observe that the principals’ understanding of what each said to the other may get â€Å"lost in translation. † The outcome of which is that on several occasions, I had to mediate and arbitrate so that the two factions agree on correct interpretations. It is noteworthy seeing conflicting parties come to terms because of my diplomatic approach and diligence in getting the job done properly. In 2001, while doing community re-building voluntary work with the Youth with a Mission (YMAN), a non-government organization assisting marginalized communities worldwide, I was a â€Å"trainee team leader† charged with a group of young volunteers from the United States, Canada, Australia, Fiji and even Australian aborigines. We were in northern Thailand amongst the Karen and Hmong tribes and I found out that due to their patriarchal society, the males in the tribes refused to work with our female volunteers. This caused some setbacks since individual assignments were already given prior to arriving on site. As the team leader of the group, I discussed this problem with the senior team leader and recommended that we should respect their culture in order to complete the mission. I talked with the team and organised the male volunteers to work in building houses and improving the local site. The female volunteers took on the English teaching assignments and medical assistance. This went well with the local populace and we gained their respect because we demonstrated our reverence for their beliefs. I would have done things differently by studying the culture, beliefs and peculiarities of the tribes first prior to embarking on another volunteer mission. Team success rests with good leadership and management. I related the leader and manager role since despite being distinct characteristics, they are inseparable traits of someone charged with such daunting assignment. A leader/manager must have the vision to effectively implement tasks and the steadfastness to successfully complete mission objectives. My value as a team member is the ability to work cohesively with each team member and agree to set aside idiosyncrasies in order to fulfill collective goals. People with different backgrounds can be incorporated in a team by appealing to their individual aims and marry them with the strategic objectives. During one of my courses in post-graduate studies, our class simulated a United Nations Security Council meeting and I played the part of the Secretary General. We were doing North Korean nuclear proliferation conflict resolution and individuals have their own opinions on how best to mitigate the problem. Playing the goodwill role, I contributed to the team output by consolidating valid points from individuals and getting a group consensus that the solution to North Korea’s nuclear arms program is by catering to the North Korean’s need for aid in exchange for reduction or total demobilization of the nuclear arms. While working as a contractual English instructor in Korea, I noticed that the students learning English, though very diligent and hardworking, English have a hard time with conversational, street-speak and business English. This is due to the formation of the program wherein they learn classroom and â€Å"theoretical† English but lacking the suave and practical application. Korea is a very rigid and structured society and change usually comes at a difficult phase. I adapted and conformed to the norms of the school but took the initiative by instructing my students to prepare a five-minute oral presentation of a country of their choice. The presentations have to be made with individually hand-made posters to have more impact in terms of graphics. After each student’s presentation, critiques from the class – in English, were done and this further confirmed the value of the pioneering teaching methodology. Needless to say, my technique was adapted by other teachers, who found it more efficient than the processes they have been using for years. Even the school director was pleased with my achievement that when my contract ended, he offered to renew it but I declined since I had to go back to Australia to pursue my studies. How to cite Interpretation Job, Essay examples

Marketing Activities of Apple Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Activities of Apple. Answer: Introduction For the contemporary business organizations,marketing holds an important part in gaining competitive advantages and staying ahead in the competition. However, there are various considerations for the contemporary business organizations in implementing effective marketing strategies, which will have positive outcome. In the current business scenario, implementation of the effective marketing strategies creates differences in the competitive state of affairs (Perreault, Cannon McCarthy, 2013). Majority of the renowned business organizations have gained their brand identity and competitive advantages with the help of their marketing activities. Moreover, effective marketing activities also help in determining the requirement of the customers and thus enhance the level of customer satisfaction. Apple is one of the leading brands in the world providing mobiles and other electronic gadgets. They have their presence around the world. However, the market orientation or approach being initiated by them is unique and distinctive, which is helping them in staying ahead in the competition. They have effectively targeted their customer segments and accordingly designed their marketing activities. However, they are operating only among the niche segments. This report will discuss about the marketing activities of Apple along with determining their existing market scenario. The external and internal environment of Apple will also be evaluated. Based on their existing market scenario, recommendations will be provided regarding the potential new market segments for them. Company profile Apple is one of the leading gadget manufacturers in the world is the topmost valued brand in the world. Apple is originated from Cupertino, California and it was founded in 1976 (Apple, 2017). From the initial stage, they have concentrated more on offering innovative and first of a kind product in the market. This innovative approach of them helped them in creating a distinctive image among the existing competitors. This approach of them is being reflected on their mission and vision statement (Kopaneva Sias, 2015). According to their vision statement, innovation is the key organizational objective of them and they will continue to change the existing competitive scenario by offering unique and innovative products in the market. Thus, the vision statement of Apple is reflecting the direction for them to achieve in the future. Moreover, the business approach being followed by them is also been reflected in their vision statement. According to the mission statement of Apple, they are the market leader when it comes to introducing innovative products in the market (Tishkovskaya Lancaster, 2012). Their mission statement states their rich history of innovations ranging from introducing MAC computers to introduction of ipod in the market. Thus, the mission statement of Apple is effectively reflecting the business activities of defining the future trend of the market. Thus, having analyzed the mission and vision statement of Apple, it can be said that, their orientation towards the innovations is being reflected in their mission and vision statements. Marketing orientation of Apple The marketing orientation of Apple is towards both the product and the market. This is due to the reason that, Apple concentrates more on innovation and quality in gaining competitive advantages (Urde, Baumgarth Merrilees, 2013). The products of them automatically attract customers due to their innovative features. Thus, the products of Apple get more preferences in their marketing activities. On the other hand, the market research being involved by them in determining the requirement in the market is proving their orientation towards their customers. It helps them in effectively determining the market requirement and accordingly initiates innovations to develop products (Chan, Kwong Dillon, 2012). The key product that has taken the role of redefining the competitiveness of Apple in the market is the iphone. Introduction of iphone in the market changed the existing scenario in the Smartphone market. The innovative features being possessed by iphone helped to gain more market awaren ess for Apple. Thus, afterwards Apple has more concentrated on developing the newer versions of iphone. Evaluation of 5cs of Apple Company SWOT analysis will be involved in determining the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of Apple. The strengths of Apple include the enormous and positive brand value, which will be helpful in operating in the existing market as well as entering in the new market. Moreover, the innovations being possessed by them are one of the key competitive advantages for Apple. The initiation of premium pricing is helping them in achieving higher profit margin from their sales (Heracleous, 2013). This in turn helps them in investing more in their research and development. The weaknesses of Apple include operation only in the niche market. Thus, mass generation of revenue of Apple is not possible. Moreover, the product diversification of Apple is less compared to its competitors. Another key weakness is the non-compatibility of other software with the Apple products. Thus, customers will face issues in operating their products. Opportunities for Apple include the innovative approach being possessed by them, which will help them in tapping in newer markets in future. Moreover, due to their practice of creating new business sector, they can enter in any sector at any point of time (Kapferer Bastien, 2012). Another opportunity for them is the growing demand for their products with the growth in the global economy. Moreover, they are entering in new sectors such as television and iwatch, which will increase their competitiveness. Customers As discussed earlier, Apple operates in the niche market of the higher end customers. Majority of the customers for Apple comprise of business people and corporate who can afford their products. However, the typical consumer behavior being possessed by them is also one of the key tactics for determining the marketing strategy of Apple. According to the Maslows need theory, the products of Apple will meet the esteem need of the customers (Lester, 2013). This is due to the fact that, the esteem need refers to the requirement for self esteem, recognition and social status. Thus, the typical customer behavior of Apple is to show their wealth and status to the society (East et al., 2016). Another section of customers also opt for Apple products. This section comprises of people from business and corporate and they use the Apple products for heavy use in business purpose. Collaborators Apple has multiple suppliers and effective distribution network, which is helping them in catering to the market. The key motive of supply chain management of Apple is to offer the products to the customers timely and with more convenience (Stadtler, 2015). Their suppliers include Analog Devices, Inc, which supplies touch screen controllers for Apple iphone. Glu Mobile, Inc provides applications for the Apple mobile store. Micron Technology, Inc supplies DRAM and LPDDR2 for the products of Apple. Qualcomm, Inc is one of the leading providers of semiconductor around the world. They also provides processor and power tracker for Apple devices. Apple is managing their distribution network by their own. Majority of the distribution network is being taken care by their direct sales force. Apple maintains their own exclusive retail stores around the world (Montgomerie Roscoe, 2013). Thus, it helps them in managing the retailing more effectively and according to their organizational policies and cultures. Apple products are also being available in various online stores (Verhoef, Kannan Inman, 2015). In this case, the online vendors are the sole responsible for the retailing of the Apple products. The absence of any third party distributors is helping them in reducing the cost of distributions. Thus, the profit margin is more for them. In addition, Apple caters to similar kind of products and that too for the niche market. Thus, they not have the requirement of covering the entire market with having aggressive distribution network. Competitors Samsung, LG, and Google are the prime competitors for Apple. However, there are no close competitors due to the fact that all of its competitors are having different operating systems. Apple use their own operating system which sis exclusive to their products only. Thus, the user experience will be different for Apple compared to its competitors (Ahmad et al., 2013). However, threats are there for Apple from the existing competitors. This is due to the reason that, majority of the market share in the Smartphone business is being controlled by Android, which is being used by all the competitors of Apple (Ruiz et al., 2012). Compared to this, the market share of Apple IOS is less. Moreover, the entry of new competitors with updated technologies will pose threat for them. Context The external environment of Apple is diverse due to the operation and market presence around the world. However, few issues may pose challenges in their business activities. The legal environment around the world is diverse and varied in different countries. Thus, it will be a challenge for them to adhere with varied legal formalities around the world (Bagley, 2015). The political environment is also favorable for Apple due to the reason that, major countries in the world are providing various incentives in attracting investments. Moreover, the government regulations are more business friendly in the current scenario, which will have favorable impact on the business of Apple. Social environment for Apple is also favorable due to the reason that more number of people is getting attracted towards Smartphone and technologies. Moreover, there is always a craze and motivation works for the customers in having the access of Apple due to its aesthetic and esteem appeal (Phillips-Melancon Dalakas, 2014). However, with having operating only in the niche market, Apple does not have the access to the mass market. The technological environment for Apple is more challenging for them due to the reason that in the present business scenario, technologies are being changed rapidly and it is difficult for them to cope up with the rapid change in technology. Market intelligence of Apple One of the key tools being involved by Apple is the initiation of social media marketing. This is due to the reason that, social media marketing helps in determining the market trend more effectively by engaging directly with the customers (Tuten Solomon, 2014). Moreover, it is also helping them in determining the customer preference towards their competitors. This in turn helps them in identifying the areas, where they are trailing behind their competitors. They also involve market research for their existing customers (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). According to Apple, only the existing customers of them will be able to tell what they need more in future. Thus, the customer taste and preference pattern is being effectively determined. Social media marketing also reflects the change in the taste and preference pattern of the customers, which will help them in modifying their activities accordingly. As earlier discussed, Apple involves less amount of collaborators in their supply chain and distribution network. Thus, the role played by them is minimal and negligible in the business activities of Apple. However, the suppliers of Apple also play an important role in providing competitor trend (Upson et al., 2012). This is due to the reason that, the suppliers of Apple provides materials to other technology organizations also. Thus, the trend can be generated from them regarding the competitors activities. Recommended market segment As already discussed, Apple operates in the niche market, which is having very limited potential. Thus, to expand their business portfolio and market presence, Apple should also target the mass market to a certain extent. This will help them to enhance the market area along with catering to more number of customers. The target market should be the middle class customers around the world. STP model will be involved in determining the viability of the proposed market segment (Hollensen, 2015). According to the STP model, the first step is the segmentation of the target market. The segment should be classified according to the geography and demography. In the initial stage, middle class segments from the developed countries should be targeted due to the reason that, the purchasing power of this segment in these countries will be more. Moreover, according to the demographic classification, the target segment should be the age group of 20 to 40. This is due to the reason that, majority of this age group will represent the college goers and corporate people. Majority of the popularity of Apple is being generated from this age group. The next step is the targeting. Apple should introduce products with having more affordability and convenience to target the mass market. This strategy will be beneficial due to the reason that the exclusivity of Apple has an unique appeal among the mass market. Thus, effective initiation of the pricing strategies will help to target this segment. The last step is the positioning. Apple should position their products in such way that it will attract the targeted audience effectively. The brand name is there for Apple which will help them to effectively penetrate in the targeted market. Their positioning statement should be offering the brand value of Apple in affordable price. Thus, the targeted segment will have the impression of having the access of exclusivity of Apple in more affordable cost. This will be effective due to the reason that all the competitors will provide features but cannot provide the brand value being possessed by Apple. Recommended marketing mix: Product The product should be feature rich according to the targeted segments requirement. It may not have the high end features of Apple but should meet the criterions of the target audience. Moreover, the aesthetic appeal should be considered due to the fact that Apple is known for their aesthetic value. It will help to enhance the value created for the customers. Price The pricing strategy should be initiated according to the economy status of the targeted audience. The price should not be much lower due to the fact that it may dilute the brand image of Apple. The pricing should be done in such a way that it will be affordable yet will have premium feel for the targeted customers. Place Products should be made available in third party premium retailers due to the fact that the exclusive retail outlets of Apple have limited market presence. Thus, availability in the leading retail stores will help to enhance the exposure as well as the brand awareness. The online presence will also help to reach out to the target audience. Promotion The promotional channel should be selected according to their effectiveness among the target segment. Mass media channels such as TVC and print media will help to effectively reach out to the targeted segment. Moreover, social media marketing will also be beneficial to promote the products to the mass market. Conclusion Apple is having favorable market scenario in the niche market. However, in order to increase their market presence and to survive the growing challenge from its competitors, they need to penetrate in the mass market. This will help them to leverage their brand value and increase their market share in the mass market along with enhancing the brand exposure. In this report, the marketing orientation of Apple along with their marketing strategy in the niche market is being evaluated. It is being seen that they have implemented an effective mechanism of operating in the market. Thus, it is being concluded that, the marketing expertise will help Apple in penetrating in the mass market as well. It will not only increase their revenue generation, but will also help to gain competitive advantages from the market. References Ahmad, M. S., Musa, N. E., Nadarajah, R., Hassan, R., Othman, N. E. (2013, July). Comparison between android and iOS Operating System in terms of security. In Information Technology in Asia (CITA), 2013 8th International Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE. Apple. (2017). Apple. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.apple.com/ Bagley, C. E. (2015). Managers and the legal environment: Strategies for the 21st century. Cengage Learning. Chan, K. Y., Kwong, C. K., Dillon, T. S. (2012). An enhanced fuzzy AHP method with extent analysis for determining importance of customer requirements. In Computational Intelligence Techniques for New Product Design (pp. 79-93). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact. MIS quarterly, 36(4). East, R., Singh, J., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2016). Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Heracleous, L. (2013). Quantum strategy at Apple Inc. Organizational Dynamics, 42(2), 92-99. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kapferer, J. N., Bastien, V. (2012). The luxury strategy: break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands. Kogan page publishers. Kopaneva, I., Sias, P. M. (2015). Lost in translation: Employee and organizational constructions of mission and vision. Management Communication Quarterly, 29(3), 358-384. Lester, D. (2013). Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Psychological Reports, 113(1), 15-17. Montgomerie, J., Roscoe, S. (2013, December). Owning the consumerGetting to the core of the Apple business model. In Accounting Forum (Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 290-299). Elsevier. Perreault Jr, W. D., Cannon, J. P., McCarthy, E. J. (2013). BASIC MARKETING: A Marketing Strategy Planning Approach,-19/E. Phillips-Melancon, J., Dalakas, V. (2014). Brand rivalry and consumers Schadenfreude: the case of Apple. Services Marketing Quarterly, 35(2), 173-186. Ruiz, I. J. M., Nagappan, M., Adams, B., Hassan, A. E. (2012, June). Understanding reuse in the android market. In Program Comprehension (ICPC), 2012 IEEE 20th International Conference on (pp. 113-122). IEEE. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014). Social media marketing. Sage. Upson, J. W., Ketchen, D. J., Connelly, B. L., Ranft, A. L. (2012). Competitor analysis and foothold moves. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 93-110. Urde, M., Baumgarth, C., Merrilees, B. (2013). Brand orientation and market orientationFrom alternatives to synergy. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 13-20. Verhoef, P. C., Kannan, P. K., Inman, J. J. (2015). From multi-channel retailing to omni-channel retailing: introduction to the special issue on multi-channel retailing. Journal of retailing, 91(2), 174-181.

The Little Theatre Accounting Flexible Budget Analysis Essay Example

The Little Theatre Accounting Flexible Budget Analysis Paper The Little Theatre Case 9. 26 Case 9. 26 After the beginning of the year, the board of directors of the theater authorized expanding the theater’s program to seven productions and a total of 168 performances. Not surprisingly, actual costs were considerably higher than the costs from the planning budget. Grants from donors and ticket sales were also higher. After completing the analysis for the Little Theatre we found that several items could be implemented to have an accurate cost model in the future. First, we prepared a flexible budget for the Little Theatre based on the actual activity of the year. We found that there were a number of cost items such as wages, scenery items, and administrative expenses that were under estimated compared to the original anticipated budget. We also found that there were items such as the theater hall rental and the cost of the printed programs that cost less than the budgeted items. Secondly, we prepared a Cost Budget Performance Report for the year that reflected the breakeven point. We have identified the price and the number of tickets we have to sell in order to cover the cost of the number of productions and the number of performances. The breakeven point was based on the actual cost of each expense. The question was asked, â€Å"If you were on the board of directors of the theater, would you be pleased with how well costs were controlled during the year why or why not? † We were not totally satisfied with the way costs were controlled during the year because the costs below were higher than we anticipated. †¢Wages †¢Costumes †¢Publicity †¢Administrative Expenses We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Theatre Accounting Flexible Budget Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Theatre Accounting Flexible Budget Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Theatre Accounting Flexible Budget Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The market may be the reason for the expenses being higher than we forecasted. For example, the theatre may not be able to pay a lower wage to the actors. In the future in order to have an accurate cost model we may improve on expenses such as costumes. We may submit bids to other vendors to see if we can lower costs. Finally, the cost formulas provided figures for the average cost per production and average cost per performance. We wanted to find out how accurate these figures would be for predicting the cost of a new production or of an additional performance of a particular production. Our analysis revealed that if the Little Theatre did six productions and one hundred and eight performances, the total cost would be $514,921 and the number of tickets that would need to be sold would be 10,298 at a price of $50. 00. We also found that the cost to produce seven productions and one hundred and sixty eight performances would be $726,900. In addition, the number of tickets that would need to be sold in order to cover this cost would be 14,438 at a price of $50. 00. Over all we project the Little Theatre will be successful if they continue to master the flex budget model.

No name woman Essays

No name woman Essays No name woman Paper No name woman Paper Essay Topic: Woman On the Edge Of Time A persons identity cannot be given to them, instead a person must achieve a sense of her character through personal experience and self search. In No Name Woman, Maxine Hong Kingston recalls the events of her aunts life in the elusive world of her Chinese roots. The story of her aunt is told by her mother and Kingston recreates the events into an exploratory story to help herself figure out what part of her existence is Chinese and help her better understand the Chinese culture. By retelling her aunts story, Kingston seeks to incorporate both her Chinese and American identities and mold them into her own individual identity. Kingston, a first generation American, finds that as a result of her cultural heritage and current surroundings, it is extremely difficult in resolving her identity. She is a product of a very strong Chinese culture growing up in American and so her identity becomes multifaceted. In attempting to resolve who she is and her cultural roots, she discovers that her identity is characterized in relation to her Chinese identity, her American environment, and the combinations therein. In the opening scene of the story, the audience is immediately presented with a tragic story within a story. The events viewed in retrospect through the eyes of the narrators traditional conservative mother seem skewed and moralistic, delivered in an instructive voice. The mothers speech is purely didactic. She is telling this story to Kingston to teach a lesson; never do what your aunt has done and do not bring shame upon the family name. Instead of clearly accepting this tale, Kingston has a hard time believing and consenting to her mothers message. Although Kingston is to never speak of the aunt and pretend that the aunt never existed, she disobeys her mother and comes up with a speculative version of events in retelling her aunts story. Kingstons story seeks meaning in the Chinese culture system in order to strengthen her individual identity. It also shows that certain aspects of the people and traditions of a cultural background can be disturbing at times. To be a woman, to have a daughter in starvation time was enough Women in the old China did not choose (Kingston 6. The Chinese community that held the most meaning for Kingstons cultural identity had been lost somewhere in the past. The only knowledge Kingston has of anything Chinese had come from her mother, but that was not enough for her. She has only vague memories and imaginations of such a community that serve as a backdrop for the goal she seeks in strengthening her identity in relation to her ancestral and cultural makeup. For Kingston, she had become separated from part of her heritage. She struggled in attempting to understand the meaning of this heritage in a world that is different from the older generations. She illustrates this confusion and difficulty in attempting to understand her cultural roots when she says, Chinese Americans, when you try to understand what things in you are Chinese, how do you separate what is peculiar to childhood, to poverty, insanities, one family, your mother who marked your growing with stories, from what is Chinese? What is Chinese and what is the movies? (Kingston 5). Kingston wants to tap into this old world her parents and ancestors belong to in order to better understand how she became who she is, but this world is so vague to her. As a result, she seeks a medium through which she can more closely relate to her cultural roots and therefore strengthen her own identity. Kingston accomplished this through knowledge of her female relatives lives in China so that she may better understand their role in the community and how they were affected by this role, more precisely, she examined the life of her aunt the outcast of her family. Kingston uses differences and similarities in the three separate narratives to explore the mores of traditional Chinese culture, the differences between Chinese culture and American culture, and ultimately to condemn the traditional roles of women in a Chinese society. Clearly, the disparate narratives of her mother, aunt, and narrator all reveal a different viewpoint on Chinese culture. The mother is clearly supportive of the aunts finale fate and symbolizes the traditional view of women in society. The story her mother tells is extremely clear-cut and black and white.

The Spinster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Spinster - Essay Example She added to her stock a female swine which she tended till it was old enough to breed. She was so glad that the swine had sixteen breast nipples because these would indicate it can have many piglets. She had her artificially inseminated. She must not have imagined a boar over her beast! Alter ego! After few months the beast delivered seven piglets. She was so glad tending the young ones and hoping to sell them at a better price soon. What a profit! Unfortunately, one morning while she was busy tending on her pregnant cattle, a mad dog drop by and bit three of the piglets. Eventually, all the piglets including the mother swine went crazy. It was so horrible for her that at the blink of an eye her capital went crazy and eventually underground with the dead. But, she did not despair. She still has her chicken and almost skinny, but pregnant cattle. Surely, the cattle delivered another female after a long wait. It certainly meant profit! Happily she goes to fields with plenty of free grass feed for her cattle' every morning, leave them to fodder till the late afternoons, when she brings them back home and give some water with little salt. One morning when she was ready to tow the cattle for fodder, the cattle just went crazily jumping around and around that sh

Development and career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Development and career - Essay Example More often in psychology and education, the process that combines cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences in order to acquire, enhance or to make any kind of changes in an individuals’ knowledge and values all around the world is known as learning. The process of learning focuses on the result of learning and their explanations are known as learning theories. The learning theory describes the way in which the people and the animals learn and it helps us in understanding the complex process of learning. The two main value of learning are mentioned below.1.It provides us with vocabulary that helps us in interpreting the various examples of learning. 2.It also suggests solutions in order to solve practical problems. The learning theory does not actually give theories but they direct us to find solutions.The three categories in which the frameworks of the learning theory falls are behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism from which behaviorism focuses mainly on the objectivity of learning while the cognitive theories look beyond the behavior of an individual, however, the contructivism sees learning as a practice in which the learner constructs new ideas and concepts. (Huselid, 1995).Many people have also criticized the learning theory because it focuses on the traditional educational practices and the critics have said that there is no such need of this theory and it has created more problems than the solutions.

Traditional Monoclonal Antibodies and Recombinant Antibodies

Traditional Monoclonal Antibodies and Recombinant Antibodies Introduction: Antibody is a special molecule that present in our bodies to fight against infections and stimulate immune response. Typical antibody is a Y shaped molecule consists of two H (heavy) and two (light) chains. Two antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) are linked with a constant region (Fc)(Brekke and Sandlie 2003). After the discovery of murine monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cells developed by Kohlor and Milstein(Kohler and Milstein 1975), the role of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics and clinical diagnostics are increasingly important in the last three decades (Laffly and Sodoyer 2005). The term monoclonal antibody is defined as an antibody molecule which is monospecific and derived from a single B cell clone. Results in using fully murine monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics are not ideal and problems aroused in triggering unwanted human immune responses. These problems force the generation of recombinant antibodies in the replacement of traditional monoclonal antibodies. Tailor-made recombinant antibodies fragments increase flexibility both in immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. The application of minimal form of functional antibodies single-chain antibodies (scFvs) are the most popular form of recombinant antibodies fragments as diagnostic agents (Hagemeyer et al. 2009). In this assignment, the comparison between traditional monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antibodies as therapeutics agents and diagnostics tools will be discussed. From the example of tragedy TGN 1412, the potential risk of using recombinant antibodies in therapeutic agents should not be ignored. Finally, future perspective of recombinant antibodies in gene therapy and using polyclonal antibodies as novel immunotherapeutic strategy will be discussed. Theoretically, probably any kind of monoclonal antibodies can be produced with the aid of hybridoma technique. The continuous culture of hybridoma cells creates an inexhaustible supply of monoclonal antibodies in the laboratories by cell culture or rodent(Nelson, Reynolds et al. 2000). Its highly specificity, stability and homogeneity are ideal for diagnostics and in therapeutic purposes. After the introduction of the first FDA approved drugs OKT3 launched into the market in 1986, the results of using fully murine monoclonal antibodies in human was not promising (Chatenoud, Baudrihaye et al. 1986; Chatenoud, Jonker et al. 1986). This is because murine originated monoclonal antibodies triggered several immunogenic responses in human body. One of the problems arise is human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) or anti-globulin antibodies (HAGA) response (DeNardo, Bradt et al. 2003; Presta 2006) generated against the administrated murine antibodies. Studies showed that around 30-75% of patients with solid tumors and relapsed B-cell malignancies developed HAMA response after exposure to murine antibodies (Smith, Nelson et al. 2004; Majidi, Barar et al. 2009). The activation of HAMA response is mainly due to the host antibodies generated against the idiotopes of the administered murine antibodies. Moreover, rapid clearance of murine Abs shortens its serum half-life and relatively ineffective to trigger cytotoxic effect (e.g. ADCC and CDC) compared to human antibodies hindered murine Abs as therapeutics agents (Presta 2006). Based on the above unresolved problems, with the aid of genetic engineering, murine monoclonal antibodies are modified to become less immunogenic and enhance potency in therapeutics and diagnostics. Three different types of recombinant antibodies are generated: chimeric, humanized and human antibody. In chimerization, the murine variable region is fused with the human constant region forming chimeric antibodies(Presta 2006). This modification imitates the human immune system. Although chimeric antibodies is less immunogenic but may trigger human anti-chimeric antibody responses (HACA)(Baert, Noman et al. 2003). Further maturation technique is humanization (hyperchimeric). In this technique, only the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) from the murine antibody was grafted into a human constant and variable regions (Smith, Nelson et al. 2004). By resurfacing, reshaping and hyperchimerisation of hyperchimeric antibody, the antibody binding affinity improved. Although the above me thods minimize immunogenicity, but immune response result of xenografting may occur. Finally, human antibodies can be generated by transgenic mice and in vitro combinatorial libraries (Brekke and Loset 2003; Brekke and Sandlie 2003; Presta 2006). Antibodies which generated under this method are expected to be identical to human antibodies with clinical significant without any side effects. One of the examples in combinatorial library approach for the selection of antibodies is by phage display technology in which antibody variables domain are expressed as fusion protein as coated on the surface of the bacteriophages. Under combinatorial library approaches and transgenic mice, the chance of getting fully human antibodies are higher when compared to hybridoma and chimeric antibody technologies. In addition, single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and Fab fragment can be isolated (Brekke and Loset 2003; Brekke and Sandlie 2003). Therapeutics application Fc portion in an intact antibody trigger effector function which is undesirable for therapeutic applications. Therefore, for a desirable antibodies design for cytokine inactivation or receptor blockage, the main considerations of antibody design are: size, tissue penetration, distribution, half-life, effector function, affinity, stability and immunogenicity. scFv and Fab fragments are preferred as choice of preference when compared to traditional antibodies because of smallest in size, high binding affinity, specificity, good tissue penetration and reducing immunogenicity due to HAMA response. scFv and Fab antibodies have a shorter half-life than whole antibodies and this drawback can be overcome by PEGylation. In addition, the attachment of PEGylation of murine monoclonal antibody reduces HAMA response of the host after administration(Laffly and Sodoyer 2005). Applications of monoclonal antibodies are vastly employed in therapeutic agents (e.g. treatment of cancer) and in clinical diagnostic (e.g. histopathological diagnosis). Humanized mAbs (transgenic mice) (resurfacing, reshaping and hyperchimerisation, etc) Phage display technology (Fabs and Fvs) In recent years MAbs have become very important commercial reagents, and currently contribute to over 30% of biopharmaceuticals in development and production. To date, 10 different MAbs have achieved FDA approval, with others in phase III trials.4 Applications Antibody conjugates (Majidi, Barar et al. 2009) Unconjugated mAbs (Majidi, Barar et al. 2009) rAbs for cancer therapy immunohistology genetic immunotherapy(Pelegrin, Gros et al. 2004) scFv for diagnostics tools (size, immunosensor, inhibition of imnflammation and complement system) (Hagemeyer, von Zur Muhlen et al. 2009) Problems polyclonal vs monoclonal therapeutics (Haurum 2006) TGN1412 incident (Self and Thompson 2006) References: Baert, F., M. Noman, et al. (2003). Influence of immunogenicity on the long-term efficacy of infliximab in Crohns disease. N Engl J Med 348(7): 601-608. Brekke, O. H. and G. A. Loset (2003). New technologies in therapeutic antibody development. Curr Opin Pharmacol 3(5): 544-550. Brekke, O. H. and I. Sandlie (2003). Therapeutic antibodies for human diseases at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2(1): 52-62. Chatenoud, L., M. F. Baudrihaye, et al. (1986). Restriction of the human in vivo immune response against the mouse monoclonal antibody OKT3. J Immunol 137(3): 830-838. Chatenoud, L., M. Jonker, et al. (1986). The human immune response to the OKT3 monoclonal antibody is oligoclonal. Science 232(4756): 1406-1408. DeNardo, G. L., B. M. Bradt, et al. (2003). Human antiglobulin response to foreign antibodies: therapeutic benefit? Cancer Immunol Immunother 52(5): 309-316. Hagemeyer, C. E., C. von Zur Muhlen, et al. (2009). Single-chain antibodies as diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents. Thromb Haemost 101(6): 1012-1019. Haurum, J. S. (2006). Recombinant polyclonal antibodies: the next generation of antibody therapeutics? Drug Discov Today 11(13-14): 655-660. Kohler, G. and C. Milstein (1975). Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256(5517): 495-497. Laffly, E. and R. Sodoyer (2005). Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies, 30 years after. Hum Antibodies 14(1-2): 33-55. Majidi, J., J. Barar, et al. (2009). Target therapy of cancer: implementation of monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies. Hum Antibodies 18(3): 81-100. Nelson, P. N., G. M. Reynolds, et al. (2000). Monoclonal antibodies. Mol Pathol 53(3): 111-117. Pelegrin, M., L. Gros, et al. (2004). Monoclonal antibody-based genetic immunotherapy. Curr Gene Ther 4(3): 347-356. Presta, L. G. (2006). Engineering of therapeutic antibodies to minimize immunogenicity and optimize function. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58(5-6): 640-656. Self, C. H. and S. Thompson (2006). How specific are therapeutic monoclonal antibodies? Lancet 367(9516): 1038-1039. Smith, K. A., P. N. Nelson, et al. (2004). Demystifiedrecombinant antibodies. J Clin Pathol 57(9): 912-917.

History of Australian Cattle Dogs :: essays papers

History of Australian Cattle Dogs The Australian Cattle Dog was originally born in Australia. It was bred to help outback ranchers round up their cattle and to withstand the harsh outback conditions. The breed is loyal and devoted to its owner. The joy of owning an Australian Cattle Dog directly relates to the breed origin, why it was bred, the general appearance, its unique traits, simple diet and easy health care. According to Katherine Buetow in â€Å" The History of the Australian Cattle Dog† she states, â€Å"There is continuing controversy over which breeds were actually used in its development. One of the difficulties in researching the history of this breed is that there was a lot of experimentation going on in trying to find the perfect combination of dogs to make up the ultimate heeler that could live and work in the Australian outback †( 1). The Australian Cattle Dog was thoughtfully blended with several different dogs including the dingo, which is native to Australia, to heard cattle for ranchers on the Australian outback. Originally, ranchers let their cattle roam the outback for months or even years to fatten up before rounding them up and taking them to the market for sell. Since this round up could consist of hundreds of miles, they needed a dog that could go with them and survive the round up. This is when the Australian Cattle Dog was born (Sunset 1). The â€Å"Australian Cattle Dog† describes the breed as a unique blend of five different dogs. The breeds are the smooth-coated collie, Dalmatian, kelpie, dingo, and the bull terrier. This diversified blend that makes up the Australian Cattle Dog was obtained by many years of trial and error. There are the blue and red varieties called the Heeler or the Queensland Heeler. The heeler breed is designed to work with cattle, sheep, hogs, and fowl (Beauchamp 10). The trainability of the Australian Cattle Dog is a reflection of its intelligence and strong desire to please their owner. The breed can be taught to work without their owner’s supervision. They can also evaluate and solve complex situations on their own. The Australian Cattle Dog owner knows the breed for its incredible stamina, intelligence, and loyalty. This is why the Australian Cattle Dog naturally takes upon itself to be not only a protector but also a companion (Beauchamp 30). History of Australian Cattle Dogs :: essays papers History of Australian Cattle Dogs The Australian Cattle Dog was originally born in Australia. It was bred to help outback ranchers round up their cattle and to withstand the harsh outback conditions. The breed is loyal and devoted to its owner. The joy of owning an Australian Cattle Dog directly relates to the breed origin, why it was bred, the general appearance, its unique traits, simple diet and easy health care. According to Katherine Buetow in â€Å" The History of the Australian Cattle Dog† she states, â€Å"There is continuing controversy over which breeds were actually used in its development. One of the difficulties in researching the history of this breed is that there was a lot of experimentation going on in trying to find the perfect combination of dogs to make up the ultimate heeler that could live and work in the Australian outback †( 1). The Australian Cattle Dog was thoughtfully blended with several different dogs including the dingo, which is native to Australia, to heard cattle for ranchers on the Australian outback. Originally, ranchers let their cattle roam the outback for months or even years to fatten up before rounding them up and taking them to the market for sell. Since this round up could consist of hundreds of miles, they needed a dog that could go with them and survive the round up. This is when the Australian Cattle Dog was born (Sunset 1). The â€Å"Australian Cattle Dog† describes the breed as a unique blend of five different dogs. The breeds are the smooth-coated collie, Dalmatian, kelpie, dingo, and the bull terrier. This diversified blend that makes up the Australian Cattle Dog was obtained by many years of trial and error. There are the blue and red varieties called the Heeler or the Queensland Heeler. The heeler breed is designed to work with cattle, sheep, hogs, and fowl (Beauchamp 10). The trainability of the Australian Cattle Dog is a reflection of its intelligence and strong desire to please their owner. The breed can be taught to work without their owner’s supervision. They can also evaluate and solve complex situations on their own. The Australian Cattle Dog owner knows the breed for its incredible stamina, intelligence, and loyalty. This is why the Australian Cattle Dog naturally takes upon itself to be not only a protector but also a companion (Beauchamp 30).

Pygmalion effect Essay

Would you go under the knife to enhance your career opportunities? Why or why not?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If financial resources are not an issue, it would be best to consider cosmetic surgery if doing it would make a people feel more confident about themselves. While the idea of obtaining skills and looking good can uplift chances for career advancement, physical appearance has become a primary source of confidence for everyone. Hirsch (1988) indicated that cosmetic surgery, good dental care, hair transplants, and anti-wrinkle drugs have been ways not only to improve social lives, but also to enhance career opportunities. Most people now view that the price of cosmetic surgery has become reasonable to think that the results would increase their self confidence and marketability at work. In a survey conducted by the American Academy of Facial and Plastic Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS), they indicated that 43 percent of cosmetic surgeons said most male patients were undergoing procedures for career reasons. Actually men would choose nonsurgical procedures often like fat injections, Botox injections and microdermabrasion than surgical procedures because these permit them to return to work very quickly. In an interview, cosmetic Surgeon William Silver said that 10 percent of his male patients tell him they â€Å"want cosmetic surgery to ensure they aren’t overlooked when it comes time for a promotion† (Palmquist, 2004). Some researchers also revealed that physical improvements definitely produce greater psychological and emotional benefits, which would help a person enhance his or her career path. More research claim that doors are more open to really good-looking people (Crampton and Jitendra, 1995). This is why there is no harm in availing cosmetic surgery to look good and feel confident when it means it will make you a happier and more productive individual that would translate to greater chances to notch better opportunities at work. What negative stereotypes are fueling the use of cosmetic surgery to change ones appearance? It is said that stereotypes can often lead to poor decisions, can create barriers for people like women, older individuals, people of color, and people with disabilities, and can undermine loyalty and job satisfaction (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2004). In case of using cosmetic surgery to change appearance, the negative stereotype working is that the concept of better looking people are better workers than plain looking people. This concept of being biased to appearance can apply to age discrimination too, where younger people tend to ignore or put down ideas provided by older people because they think it’s not applicable anymore or â€Å"old school†.   This is why most aging workers would choose to go under the knife because they do not want to appear older and keep up with the younger competition. To what extent does the Pygmalion effect, Galatea effect, and Golem effect play a role in this case? Explain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Greek mythology, Pygmalion fell in love with the statue he made that he prayed to Aphrodite to make this statue a real person. Aphrodite heeded the request of Pygmalion and the statue became real, in the person of Galatea. The essence of this story in our case is that Pygmalion effect or self-fulfilling prophecy maintained that people’s expectations or beliefs determine their behavior and performance, thus serving to make their expectations come true. In short, people strive to validate our perceptions of reality, no matter how faulty they may be. Thus, the self-fulfilling prophecy is a vital perceptual outcome we need to better understand because it can make or break any employee’s self-concept and achievement (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The self-fulfilling prophecy can explain the results of how bigger expectations can turn out to benefit the regular workers to obtain their maximum potential. Kreitner and Kinicki (2004) presented a model (Figure 1) that attempted to outline how supervisory expectations affect employee performance. It exhibited that â€Å"high supervisory expectancy produces better leadership (linkage 1), which subsequently leads employees to develop higher self-expectations (linkage 2). Higher expectations motivate workers to exert more effort (linkage 3), ultimately increasing performance (linkage 4) and supervisory expectancies (linkage 5)†. Figure 1. Model of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Source: Kreitner and Kinicki, 2004) On the other hand, the term Golem effect represents the negative side of the performance enhancing process. The Golem effect is what you call to a â€Å"loss in performance resulting from low leader expectations†. For example, when a manager sees a tattoo on particular employee and thinks that this employee is a trouble-maker, he or she will be watchful of this characteristic. The employee will soon observe the suspicions of the manager and will soon screw up to validate the ill expectations of the manager. Thus, the Golem effect is the entire opposite of the Pygmalion effect. Based on this case and what you learned in this chapter, do the skills that come with age and experience count for less than appearance in today’s organization? Discuss your rationale. I think that age and experience counts the most than appearance when it comes to knowing the right skills needed in today’s organizations. Although appearance is important, today’s organizations are already frowning upon discriminating people with regards to how they look and their age. It is important that we recognize the fact that everyone has the potential to increase his or her performance, even without undergoing plastic surgery or looking better. It all boils down to how employees feel about themselves, how they respect each other and how satisfied they are in their jobs.   Works Cited Crampton, Suzanne M., and Jitendra M. Mishra. â€Å"Developing and packaging the total corporate image† SAM Advanced Management Journal 60.3 (Summer 1995): 30-40. Hirsch, Jean Edward. â€Å"Vanity prompts more people to risk plastic surgery despite cost†. New York Times (July 14, 1988). Kreitner, Robert and Kinicki, Angelo. Chapter 7: Social Perception and Attributions, Organizational Behavior, 6th ed. NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004. Palmquist, Susan. â€Å"Handsome ambitions†. Psychology Today 37.4 (July-August 2004): 33.

A Student Board Representative For My School District

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